Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.7

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Fat 2. Left lobe of liver 3. External oblique m. 4. Superior epigastric a. 5. Ligamentum teres ("obliterated" umbilical v.) 6. Hepatic a. 7. Rib 7 8. Peritoneal cavity 9. Hepatic a. 10. Rib 8 11. Lymph nodes 12. Gallbladder 13. Portal v.	14. Rib 9 15. Portal v. 16. Diaphragm and liver, papillary process of caudate lobe 17. Rib 10 and inferior vena cava 18. Latissimus dorsi m. 19. Serratus posterior inferior m. and spermatic a. and v. 20. Rib 11 21. Perirenal fat 22. Diaphragm, right crus and Iymph node 23. Right kidney 24. Iliocostalis m. 25. Rib 12 26. Longissimus dorsi m. 27. Dorsal root ganglion 28. Spinal nerve roots 29. Multifidus m. 30. Spinal cord	31. Spinous process, T12 32. Vertebra, T12 33. Intervertebral disk, T12, and abdominal aorta 34. Abdominal aortic plexus 35. Diaphragm, left crus 36. Rib 12 and diaphragm 37. Perirenal fat 38. Superior polar left renal a. and v. (var.) and celiac ganglion 39. Left kidney 40. Rib 11 and intercostal neurovascular bundle 41. Suprarenal v. 42. Suprarenal gland 43. Serratus posterior inferior m. 44. Splenic a. 45. Splenic v. 46. Pancreas, tail 47. Rib 10 48. Hilus of spleen 49. Spleen 50. Short gastric aa. and w.	51. Diaphragm 52. Rib 9 53. Descending colon 54. Rib 8 55. Stomach 56. Rib 7 57. Transversus abdominis m. 58. Superior epigastric a. and v. 59. Transverse colon 60. Left gastric a. 61. Internal thoracic a. and v. 62. Rectus abdominis m. 63. Left lobe of liver and pancreas, body 64. Linea alba

This section passes through the inferior edge of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (32) and the superior edge of the twelfth intervertebral disk (33). The cut passes through the twelfth (25, 36), eleventh (20, 40), tenth (17, 47), ninth (14, 52), eighth (10, 54), and seventh (7, 56) ribs. The gallbladder (12) is seen for the first time. The falciform ligament and the ligamentum teres (5) can be identified.

The transverse colon (59), descending colon (53), stomach (55), and a small part of the left lobe of the liver (63) are found in the upper right quadrant.

The spleen (49) contains in its vascular hilum (48) the splenic artery (44) and vein (45) and the short gastric blood vessels (50). A superior polar left renal artery and vein (var.) (38), the left kidney (39), the left suprarenal gland (42), and tail of the pancreas (46) fill the lower right quadrant of the section.

The components of the erector spinae muscle are shown: iliocostalis thoracis (24), longissimus dorsi (26), and multifidus (29) muscles. A dorsal root ganglion (27) can be seen in the intervertebral foremen.

The lower left quadrant contains the right kidney (23), right lobe of the liver, papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver (16), and the portal vein (15).

The upper left quadrant is filled with the right lobe of the liver and the gallbladder (12), and the falciform ligament and ligamentum teres ("obliterated" umbilical vein) can be seen.

Important structures in the center of the plate include the body of the pancreas (63), the hepatic artery (6), inferior vena cave (17), abdominal aorta (33), and the crura (22, 35) of the diaphragm (16, 36, 51), which persists in this section as a thin rim of muscle adjacent to the ribs.

The serratus posterior inferior muscle (19, 43) appears for the first time.

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